时间社课纲｜纽约州立大学董一格：《女权主义研究方法论》
课程介绍
这门研究生讨论班课程(graduate seminar)是布法罗大学全球性别与性研究系博士培养的核心课程之一。任何选择质性研究方法为主要研究方法的博士生，都需要在论文开题之前修习这门课程。与一般的质性研究方法课不同，我的授课目的不仅仅是向学生介绍一些主要的研究方法(methods)，如访谈、参与式观察、扩展个案研究等等，而是系统地教授质性研究方法与女权主义知识生产之间的关系——也就是女权主义方法(feminist methodology) 。
从教学安排来说，课程分为三个单元：
第一单元以科学哲学的谱系作为切入点，讨论早期实证主义(positivism)的传统，以及近些年社会科学方法论的后实证主义(post-positivism)转向和对批判现实主义(critical realism)的讨论。在这些讨论的基础上，课程再分别对女权主义认识论(feminist epistemology)和批判种族理论(critical race theory)进行介绍。这样安排的目的，是为了将当今性别研究领域最常运用的视角和方法放置在更广义的社会科学方法论传统中去理解，让学生不但掌握本学科基础方法的内涵，还能领悟这些方法之形成背后的智识考量、政治议程。
第二单元逐一介绍质性研究的常用方法，包括扎根理论、民族志、扩展个案法、访谈、口述史、档案研究、比较历史社会学方法、“大数据”，以及基于新媒介的研究。对每一种方法的学习，都会包括经典文献细读和最新示范研究选读两部分，让学生从纵深性和前沿性两个方面，对该方法进行分析和体悟。但课程也会强调，掌握任何一种研究方法的最好途径，都是从做中学(learning by doing)，而不是纸上谈兵。因此，我授课的重点，是启发学生思考各种方法与女权主义知识生产之间的关系，而不是死板地传授某种具体技能。
第三单元聚焦研究伦理以及政治。和第二单元的主旨类似，授课目的不仅仅是告诉学生如何通过学校“研究伦理审查委员会”(institutional review board, 简称IRB)的审查，而是启发学生思考以下问题：自己作为研究者，与研究对象、对象所在社群之间有着怎样的权力关系？这些权力关系将如何形塑知识生产？以及反过来，研究所生产的知识，又将如何影响现实？
这门课程的作业为配合以上教学思路而设计，重视学生对方法论的反思和对方法的实际应用。每个学生都要在一个学期的时间里，撰写一个研究计划书(research proposal)。在时间安排上，我会向学生强调研究计划的制定和撰写是一个循序渐进的过程。学生要学会把一个笼统的任务（10页纸的研究计划）拆分成若干具体的环节，在一个学期中反复打磨、逐步完成。写作中，学生尤其需要思考自己提出的研究问题、理论框架、和选用的研究方法三者之间，是否是可洽的。
本课程除了每周的指定阅读篇目以外，还向学生推荐两本学术研究、写作方面的经典著作： Booth, Wayne C., William C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. The craft of research. University of Chicago press, 2003.
Hayot, Eric. The elements of academic style: Writing for the humanities. Columbia University Press, 2014.
授课教授
董一格，博士毕业于约翰霍普金斯大学社会学系，现为美国纽约州立大学布法罗分校社会学系与全球性别与性研究系双聘助理教授。其研究方向为政治经济学、社会性别、劳工政治、质性研究方法等；研究著作发表于
女权主义研究方法论
第1周：导论 Introduction
➤ Davis, Shannon N., and Angela Hattery. “Teaching feminist research methods: a comment and an evaluation.” Journal of Feminist Scholarship 15, no. 15 (2018): 49-60.
第一单元：（社会）科学哲学的谱系
第2周：实证主义，后实证主义，批判现实主义 Positivism, Post-positivism, Critical Realism
➤Popper, Karl. 1953. “Conjectures and Refutations.” Reprinted in Klemke, E.D., Robert Hollinger, and David Wyss Rudge (eds), Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1998) 38-47.
➤Lakatos, Imre. 1970. “Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programs.” In Imre Lakatos andA. Musgrave (eds), Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
➤George Steinmetz. ed. The politics of method in the human sciences: Positivism and its epistemological others. Duke University Press, 2005. (selected chapters)
第3周：女权主义认识论 Feminist Epistemology
➤Harding, Sandra. 1987. “Introduction: Is There a Feminist Method?” In Feminism and Methodology, ed. Milton Keynes, Open University Press.
➤Harding, Sandra. 2005. “Negotiating with the Positivist Legacy,” in Steinmetz, The Politics of Method in the Human Sciences, pp.346-65.
➤Donna Haraway. “Situated Knowledges: the science question in feminism and the privilege of Partial Perspective,” Feminist Studies (14, 3 1988): 575-99.
➤DeVault, Marjorie. 1999. Liberating Methods. Chapters 2 and 3.
第4周：批判种族理论 Critical Race Theory
➤ Mohanty, Chandra. “Under Western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourses.” Feminist Review 30, no. 1 (1988): 61-88.
➤ Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. ““Under western eyes” revisited: Feminist solidarity through anticapitalist struggles.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28, no. 2 (2003): 499-535.
➤ Bejarano, Carolina Alonso, Lucia López Juárez, Mirian A. Mijangos García, and Daniel M. Goldstein. Decolonizing ethnography: Undocumented immigrants and new directions in social science. Duke University Press, 2019.
第二单元：多种研究方法和使用它们的理由 Varieties of Methods and Their Justifications
第5周：扎根理论 Grounded Theory
➤Charmaz, Kathy. Constructing grounded theory. 2nd ed. Sage, 2014.
➤Charmaz, Kathy, and Linda Liska Belgrave. “Grounded theory.” The Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology, 2007).
➤Suddaby, Roy. “From the editors: What grounded theory is not.” (2006): 633-642.
第6周：民族志 I：“深描” 和 “写文化” Ethnography: Thick Description & Writing Culture
➤Geertz, Clifford. “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture.” In The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books), 1973.
➤Marcus, George E. “Ethnography two decades after writing culture: From the experimental to the baroque.” Anthropological Quarterly (2007): 1127-1145.
➤Ho, Karen. Liquidated: an ethnography of Wall Street. Duke University Press, 2009.
➤Musante, Kathleen, and Billie R. DeWalt. 2010. Participant observation: A guide for fieldworkers. Rowman Altamira.
第7周：民族志 II：扩展个案法 Ethnography: Extended Case Method
➤Burawoy, Michael. “The extended case method.” Sociological Theory 16, no. 1 (1998): 4-33.
➤Burawoy, Michael. 2009. The extended case method: Four countries, four decades, four great transformations, and one theoretical tradition. University of California Press.
➤Chuang, Julia. Beneath the China Boom: Labor, Citizenship, and the Making of a Rural Land Market. University of California Press, 2020.
➤Global Ethnography: Forces, Connections, and Imaginations in a Postmodern World. Michael Burawoy et al (University of California Press).
第8周：访谈与口述史 Interviews & Oral Histories
➤Gerson, Kathleen and Sarah Damaske. 2020. The Science and Art of Interviewing. Oxford University Press.
➤Thompson, Paul., 2017. The voice of the past: Oral history. Oxford university press.
第9周：档案研究与比较历史社会学方法 Archival Research & Comparative Historical Method
➤Theda Skocpol and Margaret Somers, “The Uses of Comparative History in Macrosocial Inquiry,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 2, 1980.
➤Somers, Margaret R. “The narrative constitution of identity: A relational and network approach.” Theory and society (1994): 605-649.
➤James Mahoney, 2004. “Comparative-Historical Methodology.” Annual Review of Sociology 30: 81-101.
➤Skarpelis, A.K.M. 2020. “Life on File: Archival Epistemology and Theory.” Qualitative Sociology. 43:385–405
第10周：“大数据” “Big Data”
➤Adam, Alison, and Helen Richardson. 2001. “Feminist Philosophy and Information Systems.” Information Systems Frontiers 3 (2): 143–54.
➤D’Ignazio, Catherine, and Lauren F. Klein. 2020. Data Feminism. MIT Press.
➤Angèle Christin. 2020. The ethnographer and the algorithm: beyond the black box, Theory and Society.
➤Christin, Angèle. 2018. “Algorithms in Practice: Comparing Web Journalism and Criminal Justice.” Big Data & Society 4(2): 1-14.
➤Lewis-Kraus, Gideon. 2016. “The Great A.I. Awakening.” The New York Times, December 14, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/14/magazine/the-great-ai-awakening.html.
➤Crawford, Kate, and Trevor Paglen. 2019 “Excavating AI: The Politics of Images in Machine Learning Training Sets.” https://www.excavating.ai/.
➤Irani, Lilly. 2018. “‘Design Thinking’: Defending Silicon Valley at the Apex of Global Labor Hierarchies.” Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 4 (1). https://doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v4i1.243.
➤Wu, Angela Xiao. 2020. “Chinese Computing and Computing China as Global Knowledge Production.” Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 6 (2). https://doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v6i2.34363.
第11周：新媒介 New Media
➤Hine, Christine. 2015. Introduction and Chapter 4 in Ethnography for the Internet. London: Bloomsbury.
➤Boyd, Danah. 2015. “Making sense of Teen Life: Strategies for Capturing Ethnographic Data in a Network Era.” in Hargittai, Eszter and Sandvig, Christian. Digital Research Confidential: The Secrets of Studying Behavior Online. The MIT Press.
➤Lane, Jeffrey. 2016. “The Digital Street: An Ethnographic Study of Networked Street Life in Harlem.” American Behavioral Scientist 60(1): 43-58.
➤Boellstorff, Tom. 2008. Chapter 1 and 3 in Coming of Age in Second Life: An Anthropologist Explores the Virtually Human. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
➤Coleman, E. Gabriella. 2014. Introduction and Chapter 1 in Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy. The Many Faces of Anonymous. Verso.
➤Taylor, T. L. 2018. Chapter 3 in Watch Me Play: Twitch and the Rise of Game Live Streaming. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
第三单元：关于研究伦理的政治 Politics of Research Ethics
第12周：研究伦理审查委员会：制度与反思 Institutional Board Review (IRB)
➤John Van Maanen, 2001 (1983). “The Moral Fix: On the Ethics of Field Work,” in Contemporary Field Research: A Collection of Readings, pp. 269-287.
➤Katherine S. Newman, 2002. “Qualitative Research on the Frontlines of Controversy.” Sociological Methods and Research 31 (2): 123-130.
➤Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. 2004. “Parts unknown: Undercover Ethnography of the Organs-Trafficking Underworld.” Ethnography 5-1 (March): 29-73.
➤Dwyer, Sonya Corbin, and Jennifer L. Buckle. “The space between: On being an insider-outsider in qualitative research.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 8, no. 1 (2009): 54-63.
➤Boser, Susan. “Power, ethics, and the IRB: Dissonance over human participant review of participatory research.” Qualitative Inquiry 13, no. 8 (2007): 1060-1074.
➤Reverby, Susan M. Examining Tuskegee: The infamous syphilis study and its legacy. University of North Carolina Press, 2009.
➤Skloot, Rebecca. The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks. Broadway Paperbacks, 2017.
第13 & 14周：研究计划书工作坊